Pacific Power 3150AFX AC & DC Programmable Power Source

RTCA/DO-160 Section 16 test procedures are used to determine whether the EUT can operate during different AC and/or DC power variations that occur during normal and emergency aircraft operation. RTCA/DO-160 Section 16 tests verify whether the equipment will negatively affect the aircraft power system that would be harmful or degrade performance in other equipment. These tests cover both susceptibility (surge, dropout, frequency transients, etc.) and harmful interference (current harmonics, re-generated energy, power factor, etc.) of the EUT.   Tests: DC Input tests Steady-state over- and under-voltage conditions Ripple voltage Momentary power interruption Momentary sags and surges Exposed voltage decay time (270 V only) Inrush current AC Input tests Steady-state over- and under-voltage conditions Steady-state over- and under-frequency conditions Steady-state phase unbalance (three-phase power) Voltage and frequency modulation Voltage and frequency transients Momentary power interruption Momentary sags and surges DC offset and voltage distortion Harmonic current emissions Phase unbalance (3 phase inputs) DC current content Inrush current Current modulation Power factor Equipment Categories According to RTCA/DO-160 Section 16, there are four Equipment Categories (A, B, D, or Z) that indicate the type of power used by the equipment and the type of AC and/or DC power source with which the equipment is compatible. For AC powered equipment, an additional designator, placed in parenthesis following the Category designator, is a two-character code indicating that the equipment has been tested for use with Constant Frequency (CF), Narrow Variable Frequency (NF), or Wide Variable Frequency (WF). Up to four additional category designators are also used to indicate testing for: AC current harmonics (H) AC current modulation (L) AC power factor (P) DC current ripple (R) AC or DC inrush

MIL-STD-1399-300 establishes electrical interface characteristics for shipboard equipment utilizing AC electric power to ensure compatibility between the user equipment and the electric power system. In MIL-STD-1399-300, characteristics of the electric power system are defined and tolerances are established, as well as requirements and test methods for ensuring compatibility of the shipboard user equipment with the power system. The policies and procedures established by MIL-STD-1399-300 are mandatory. This section and the basic standard are to be viewed as an integral single document for use in the design and testing of electric power systems and user equipment. This standard supersedes MIL-STD-1399-103.   Classification In accordance with the MIL-STD-1399-300, the types of shipboard electric power to be supplied from the electric power system are classified as low voltage as follows: Type I - Type I power is 440 or 115 volts (V), 60 hertz (Hz) ungrounded and is the standard shipboard electric power source. Type I power is used unless a deviation is granted Type II - Type II power is 440 or 115 V, 400 Hz ungrounded and has only limited application. Use of Type II power requires the submittal and approval of a deviation request Type III - Type III power is 440 or 115 V, 400 Hz ungrounded having tighter tolerances as compared to Type II. Type III power has restricted use and its use requires the submittal and approval of a deviation request   Special power classification for avionic shops and aircraft servicing Types of shipboard electric power only for avionic shops and aircraft servicing are as follows: Type I - Type I power is 115/200 V, 60 Hz, 3-phase, 4-wire, wye-grounded. This power is only provided for avionic shops. Type III - Type III power is 115/200 V, 400 Hz, 3-phase, 4-wire, wye-grounded. This power is only provided for avionic shops and for aircraft servicing.   Special power classification for NATO load

MIL-STD-704 defines the requirements outlined by the Department of Defense for the characteristics of aircraft electric power generated at the input terminals of electric utilization equipment. MIL-STD-704 is intended to detail electric power quality requirements for DoD aircraft, but may also be used with commercial planes or other vehicle types. Standards like ISO 1540 and SAE-AS1212 also dictate aircraft electric power requirements, but are not generally relevant for military aircraft, as they do not address the areas of concern for military aircraft electric power quality and need wider limits compared to MIL-STD-704. MIL-STD-704 also takes into account legacy DoD equipment and aircraft electrical systems.   General Requirements 4.1 Aircraft Electric Power System Requirements   Aircraft electrical power systems should offer electric power with the characteristics specified in this standard at the utilization equipment terminals during all powerations of the power system. Airframe manufacturers or modifiers are responsible for offering the distribution and protection network to the terminals of the utilization equipment while maintaining power characteristics specified in MIL-STD-704; characteristics of the power measured at the output terminal of an unregulated power source or the POR of a regulated power source should be within the limits specified in the detail specification applicable to the power source. Protective devices should operate independently of control/regulation equipment. 4.2 Aircraft Utilization Equipment Requirements   Utilization equipment should be compatible with the power characteristics specified in MIL-STD-704. Aircraft should operate at the performance level specified in its detail specification in all of the following modes of operation: Normal Abnormal Transfer Emergency Starting Loss of power or the loss of one or more phases of AC should not result in

IEC 61000-3-11 is concerned with the emission of voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker produced by equipment and impressed on the public low-voltage supply system. IEC 61000-3-11 specifies the limits of voltage changes produced by equipment tested under specified conditions. IEC 61000-3-11 is primarily applicable to electrical and electronic equipment having a rated input current from 16 A up to and including 75 A, which is intended to be connected to public low-voltage distribution systems having nominal system voltages of between 220 V and 250 V, line-to-neutral at 50 Hz, and which is subject to conditional connection. This part of IEC 61000 is also applicable to equipment within the scope of IEC 61000-3-3 that does not meet the limits when tested or evaluated with reference impedance Zref and is therefore subject to conditional connection. Equipment that meets the requirements of IEC 61000-3-3, is excluded from this part of IEC 61000. Equipment tests made in accordance with IEC 61000-3-11 are type tests. Advanced Test Equipment Rentals can perform ISO17025 accredited calibration on products that abide by this standard. NOTE: The flicker limits specified in this part, the same as those in IEC 61000-3-3, are based on the subjective severity of the flicker imposed on the light from 230 V/60 W coiled-coil filament lamps when subjected to fluctuations of the supply voltage. For systems with nominal voltages less than 220 V, line-to-neutral and/or frequency of 60 Hz, the limits and reference circuit values are under consideration.

IEC 61000-3-12 deals with the limitation of harmonic currents injected into the public supply system. The limits given in this International Standard are applicable to electrical and electronic equipment with a rated input current exceeding 16 A and up to and including 75 A per phase, intended to be connected to public low-voltage a.c. distribution systems of the following types:   Nominal voltage up to 240 V, single-phase, two or three wires; Nominal voltage up to 690 V, three-phase, three or four wires; Nominal frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Other distribution systems are excluded. The limits given in IEC 61000-3-12 apply to equipment when connected to 230/400 V, 50 Hz systems. IEC 61000-3-12 applies to equipment intended to be connected to low-voltage systems interfacing with the public supply at the low-voltage level. It does not apply to equipment intended to be connected only to private low-voltage systems interfacing with the public supply only at the medium- or high-voltage level. IEC 61000-3-12 defines: a) Requirements and emission limits for equipment; b) Methods for type tests and simulations. Tests according to this International Standard are type tests of complete pieces of equipment. Conformity with this standard can also be determined by validated simulations. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2004 and constitutes a technical revision. The significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition are: The replacement of the reference fundamental current I1 by the reference current Iref for the calculation of emission limits; A newly added table of current emission limits; A newly added annex (Annex A) to define test conditions for some types of equipment; Deletion of the former Annexes B (Approximate interpolation formulas) and D (Information on the PWHD factor). Retrieved 3/12/14 from IEC Webstore Note: Advanced Test Equipment Rentals can perform ISO17025 accredited

IEC 61000-3-2 deals with the limitation of harmonic currents injected into the public supply system. IEC 61000-3-2 specifies limits of harmonic components of the input current which can be produced by equipment tested under specified conditions. This standard applies to electrical and electronic equipment having a rated input current up to and including 16 A per phase, and intended to be connected to public low‑voltage distribution systems. Note: Advanced Test Equipment Rentals can perform ISO17025 accredited calibration on products that abide by this standard. Arc welding equipment which is not professional equipment, with a rated input current up to and including 16 A per phase, is included in IEC 61000-3-2. Arc welding equipment intended for professional use, as specified in IEC 60974-1, is excluded from this document and can be subject to installation restrictions as indicated in IEC 61000-3-12. The tests according to this document are type tests. For systems with nominal voltages less than but not equal to 220 V (line-to-neutral), the limits have not yet been considered. This fifth edition, IEC 61000-3-2:2018, cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 2014. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes from the previous edition: a) an update of the emission limits for lighting equipment with a rated power ≤ 25 W to take into account new types of lighting equipment; b) the addition of a threshold of 5 W under which no emission limits apply to all lighting equipment; c) the modification of the requirements applying to the dimmers when operating non‑incandescent lamps; d) the addition of test conditions for digital load side transmission control devices; e) the removal of the use of reference lamps and reference ballasts for the tests of lighting equipment; f) the simplification and clarification of the terminology used for lighting equipment; g) the

IEC 61000-3-3 provides test guidelines for flicker. In the words of the IEC: "This section of IEC 61000-3 is concerned with the limitation of voltage fluctuations and flicker impressed on the public low-voltage system. It specifies limits of voltage changes that may be produced by equipment tested under specified conditions and gives guidance on methods of assessment. This section applies to electrical and electronic equipment having an input current up to and including 16 A per phase and intended to be connected to public low-voltage distribution systems of between 220 V and 250 V at a 50-Hz line to neutral." Although IEC 61000-3-3 is somewhat less controversial than IEC 61000-3-2, the limits are unnecessarily stringent for commercial and industrial environments. IEC 61000-3-11 provides some relief by assessing lower Zref values. Also, many people believe that inrush requirements and test methods are unstable and unjustified. There are some interesting—and even confusing—statements in IEC 61000-3-3. For example, Section 5 states, "If voltage changes are caused by manual switching or occur less frequently than once per hour, the observation-period Pst and Plt requirements shall not be applicable. The long-term observation period, Plt, is flicker severity evaluated over a long period (a few hours) using successive short-term observation-period, Pst, values. Pst is flicker severity evaluated over a short term (in minutes). The three requirements related to voltage changes shall be applicable with the previously mentioned voltage values, multiplied by a factor of 1.33." Further, the specification requires the user to make subjective decisions because of imprecise wording such as that found in Sections 6.1 and 6.5. In any case, this document must be used until a replacement is finished and becomes the standard. Note: Advanced Test Equipment Rentals can perform ISO17025 accredited calibration on products that abide by this

IEC 61000-4-11 defines the immunity test methods and range of preferred test levels for electrical and electronic equipment connected to low-voltage power supply networks for voltage dips, short interruptions, and voltage variations. This standard applies to electrical and electronic equipment having a rated input current not exceeding 16 A per phase, for connection to 50 Hz or 60 Hz AC networks. IEC 61000-4-11 does not apply to electrical and electronic equipment for connection to 400 Hz A.C. networks. Tests for these networks will be covered by future IEC standards. The object of IEC 61000-4-11 is to establish a common reference for evaluating the immunity of electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to voltage dips, short interruptions, and voltage variations.   Recommended Bundle For PQF Dips and Interrupts Tests: Haefely AXOS 5 Transient Generator   +   Haefely DIP 116 Automatic Dip Transformer   =   IEC 61000-4-11 Dips & Interrupts up to 5kV Learn More This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1994 and its amendment 1 (2000). This second edition constitutes a technical revision in which:   Preferred test values and durations have been added for the different environment classes; The tests for the three-phase systems have been specified. It has the status of a Basic EMC Publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107.   Dips and Interrupts Background Dips and interrupts can occur on the AC power mains as a result of a fault in the distribution system such as an open circuit breaker or a sudden large load being turned on in the immediate vicinity. A power distribution system fault can cause a switch in the distribution grid to open and close several times, resulting in multiple interrupts to electrical and electronic equipment. Electronic products are

IEC 61000-4-13 defines the immunity test methods and range of recommended basic test levels for electrical and electronic equipment with rated current up to 16 A per phase at disturbance frequencies up to and including 2 kHz (for 50 Hz mains) and 2,4 kHz (for 60 Hz mains) for harmonics and interharmonics on low voltage power networks. Establishes a common reference for evaluating the functional immunity of electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to harmonics and inter-harmonics and mains signaling frequencies. The test method documented in IEC 61000-4-13 describes a consistent method to assess the immunity of an equipment or system against a defined phenomenon.   The basic immunity test for harmonic and interharmonic distortion of 50Hz or 60Hz mains supplies is IEC 61000-4-13, which has been adopted unchanged as the harmonized European standard EN 61000-4-13. The ideal mains voltage is a pure sine wave at the fundamental frequency (usually either 16.67, 50, 60 or 400 Hz), but non-linear leads and injection of signaling voltages cause the waveform to be distorted. The techniques of Fourier analysis are used to describe the distortion in terms of one or more frequencies superimposed on the pure sine wave fundamental. These added frequencies are classified as harmonic -when they are an integer multiple of the fundamental, and as interharmonic - when they are any other frequency. What are harmonics and interharmonics? Harmonics are split into two main types: odd-numbered (3, 5, 7, 9, ...39, etc) and even-numbered (2, 4, 6, 8, ...40, etc), because they can cause different problems and as a result may need to be treated differently. Odd-numbered harmonics are often called odd-order harmonics, and the same for even-numbered harmonics. They are further divided into those that are a multiple of 3 times the fundamental because, in three-phase power systems, triplens can be canceled out whereas other odd-order harmonics cannot be. When

IEC 61000-4-28 establishes a reference for evaluating the immunity of electric and electronic equipment when subjected to variations of the power frequency. Only conducted phenomena are considered, including immunity tests for equipment connected to public and industrial networks. This standard applies to electric and/or electronic equipment connected to 50 Hz or 60 Hz distributed network with rated line current up to 16 A per phase. It does not apply to electric and/or electronic equipment connected to AC 400 Hz distribution networks. Tests concerning these networks will be covered by other IEC standards. In general, electrical and electronic equipment is not susceptible to minor variations of the power frequency. Testing according to this standard should be limited to products that are assessed to be susceptible to power frequency variations by design, environment or failure consequences. The immunity test levels required for a specific electromagnetic environment together with the performance criteria are indicated in the product, product family or generic standards as applicable.

IEC 61000-4-34 defines the immunity test methods and range of preferred test levels for electrical and electronic equipment connected to low-voltage power supply networks for voltage dips, short interruptions, and voltage variations. This standard applies to electrical and electronic equipment having a rated input current exceeding 16 A per phase, for connection to 50 Hz or 60 Hz A.C. networks. It does not apply to electrical and electronic equipment for connection to 400 Hz A.C. networks. Tests for these networks will be covered by future IEC standards. The object of this standard is to establish a common reference for evaluating the immunity of electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1994 and its amendment 1 (2000). This second edition constitutes a technical revision in which: Preferred test values and durations have been added for the different environment classes. Tests for the three-phase systems have been specified. It has the status of a Basic EMC Publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107.   Dips and Interrupts Background Dips and interrupts can occur on AC power mains as a result of a fault in the distribution system such as an open circuit breaker or a sudden large load being turned on in the immediate vicinity. A power distribution system fault can cause a switch in the distribution grid to open and close a number of times, resulting in multiple interrupts to electrical and electronic equipment. Electronic products are tested for immunity to dips and interrupts to insure their continued reliable operation if subjected to dips and/or interrupts on the AC power mains. The European Union’s EMC Directive mandates dips and interrupts testing for virtually all electrical and electronic products as a condition for obtaining the CE Mark before shipping products to member states of