ISO 14644 Series: Cleanroom Standards

Methods have already been standardized for the description and assessment of noise from various sources and with respect to various effects on human subjects (risk of hearing damage, annoyance reactions, loudness, perceived noisiness, interference with speech communication). In all these cases, the bandwidth of the noise is either considered to lie within the conventional audio frequency limits from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz or within a specified narrower band (for example, 45 Hz to 11,200 Hz in the case of perceived noisiness of aircraft). The band limits of 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz also define the frequency range for which the characteristics of sound level meters are fully specified (see IEC 651). In practice, some noises consist of, or contain components at, frequencies below 20 Hz. At present, there are no standardized methods for sound pressure measurements of these noises, nor for their description and assessment with respect to human response. Although research in this field is comparatively sparse, there is evidence of infrasonic effects which are potentially harmful or unpleasant to human subjects and some authorities may desire to extend their regulations or codes of practice governing noise emissions to cover sources of infrasound. For this reason, it is considered to be highly desirable to standardize measurement and description methods in order to facilitate the exchange of information and to avoid proliferation of incompatible procedures. Many types of human response can be distinguished and, correspondingly, different description methods are, in principle, appropriate. The method described in this International Standard corresponds to the direct perception of infrasound. At present, this is the only human response for which there is an ample research base. Some literature on annoyance from infrasound suggests that annoyance may be closely related to the direct perception. On that precondition, levels measured according to this International Standard would

ISO 7637 is an automotive EMC test standard that outlines testing requirements for simulating electrical transients in road vehicles with 12V or 24 V electrical systems. ATEC carries EMC test equipment designed to meet the test specifications of ISO 7637-2, the latest version of the standard. Read on for more information about ISO 7637, applicable test pulses, and recommended ISO 7637 test equipment. What is ISO 7637? ISO 7637 defines test parameters for the EMC testing of road vehicles, specifically the simulation of electrical disturbances, or transients, in vehicle power supply lines. The standard, which covers both susceptibility and emissions testing, defines proper waveforms for test pulses and lists necessary electrical components. ISO 7637 also offers performance classifications for test pulses based on their frequency, strength, and burst cycle; ratings vary between pulses, and for the 12V or 24V electrical systems of commercial vehicles. Automotive manufacturers across the world rely on ISO 7637 to ensure the electromagnetic compatibility of their electrical systems; it is a common requirement for vehicle component development. Discovering a vulnerability to transients early on in automotive design is essential, as failures during formal EMC testing waste companies’ time and money. ISO 7637 is designed to protect car electronics that are vulnerable to surges from automotive power supplies. Since the advent of EMC testing, manufacturers have developed their own EMC standards in response to the myriad of electrical disturbances to which road vehicles fall victim. ISO, the International Organization for Standardization, developed ISO 7637 as a universal standard that covers as many varieties of automotive transients as possible.   ISO 7637 Subsections ISO 7637 is composed of five parts: ISO 7637-1 Definitions and general considerations ISO 7637-2 Electrical transient conduction along supply lines

The purpose of ISO 7637-2 is to ensure electromagnetic compatibility of passenger and commercial vehicles operating on 12V or 24V electrical systems. ISO 7637-2 requires multiple conducted transients to be coupled onto DC lines to test the compatibility of vehicles. This standard is applicable to both internal combustion engine and electric motor vehicles.   Equipment Required: Transient Generator - HILO CAR TEST 14 Oscilloscope - Tektronix MDO4104C Differential Probe - Probe Master 4234 ISO 7637-2 Test Pulses The following tables show data that highlights Pulse 1, Pulse 2a, Pulse 2b, Pulse 3a, and Pulse 3b. Pulse 1 ISO 7637-2 Pulse 1 is used to simulate the transients created in the case that a motor, or inductive load, is disconnected from the circuit.    Parameters of this pulse can be verified using an oscilloscope and differential probe to meet the specifications below. Pulse 2a ISO 7637-2 Pulse 2a is used to simulate transients that occur when there is a current interruption on a device in parallel with the DUT and caused by the wiring harness inductance. Pulse 2b ISO 7637-2 Pulse 2b is used to simulate transients when a vehicle is turned off, but electric DC motors remain active and serve as a generator. Pulse 3a The pulse 3a is similar to an EFT pulse as seen in IEC 61000-4-4 (HYPERLINK THIS), this transient waveform is simulating switching occuring in a system connected by a wiring harness, in which the load is capacitive or inductive. Pulse 3b Similar to pulse 3a, except opposite polarity. Pulse 3b is another EFT waveform representing switching within a wire harness. These pulses also simulate the scenario in which a fuse is blown.   Pulse 4, 5a, & 5b ISO 7637 Pulse 4, Pulse 5a/5b were removed from the most recent revision of ISO 7637-2 and can be found now in ISO 16750-2.   ISO 7637-2 Test Equipment ATEC recommends the following products for testing

ISO 10605 covers testing procedures involving electrostatic discharge within road vehicles. ISO 10605  ISO 10605 is accredited by the Technical Committee ISO/TC 22 and Subcommittee SC 3. This test methods needed for electrical disturbances, which is caused by electrostatic discharge, are specified with ISO 10605 requirements. For example, charge build-ups made from movement inside a vehicle or during exiting can result in electrostatic discharge. ESD Tests  Tests that simulate an electrostatic discharge (ESD) into a vehicle electrical system are based on the human ESD model. Sensitive electrical devices can be adversely affected by energy either coupled or radiated from electrostatic discharges. This International Standard describes ESD tests that apply to both automotive electronic modules and vehicles.    ESD Waveforms for ISO 10605  There a four different discharge networks used to accomplish each waveform as required by ISO 10605. The different Resistance and Capacitance values affect the discharge output timing typically measured at 30 and 60ns. When changing networks, the decay time of the waveform changes and results are measured as listed in the table above.   Waveform 1 is the ESD discharge using a 330 pF/330 Ω network Waveform 2 is the ESD discharge using a 150 pF/330 Ω network Waveform 1 here is using a 330 pF/2000 Ω discharge network Waveform 2 here is using a 150 pF/2000Ω discharge network Starting Profile Waveform of ISO 10605-2 The starting profile waveform is created from from a Load Dump Simulator and a DC Source to simulate an automotive system during start up. This is traditionally seen in Internal Combustion Engine (ICE's) vehicles where cranking occurs upon startup. ISO 10605 Test Equipment  ATEC carries several products for ISO 10605 from industry-leading companies, including Haefely and Teseq. Please,

ISO 11452 is a set of international standards and guidelines for the immunity testing of the electrical components found in commercial vehicles and passenger cars. ISO 11452 covers the testing of these components’ immunity to narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy without regard to the type of vehicle propulsion system. The sections of ISO 11452 are as follows: ISO 11452-1 | General principles & terminology ISO 11452-2 | Absorber-lined shielded enclosure ISO 11452-3 | Transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell ISO 11452-4 | Harness excitation methods ISO 11452-5 | Stripline ISO 11452-7 | Direct radio frequency (RF) power injection ISO 11452-8 | Immunity to magnetic fields ISO 11452-9 | Portable transmitters ISO 11452-10 | Immunity to conducted disturbances in the extended audio frequency range ISO 11452-11 | Reverberation chamber ISO 11452-2 is a vehicle component immunity standard that applies to the 200 MHz to 18 GHz range. This standard, like many automotive, military and aerospace standards, calls for moderately high fields to be generated. At frequencies below 200 MHz, antennas get physically larger and also less efficient. For frequencies below 200 MHz, the standard recommends the methods stated in parts 4, 3, and 5 of the ISO 11452 Severity Level Field I 25 V/m II 50 V/m III 75 V/m IV 100 V/m V (open to the users of the standard). ISO 11452 recommends that these tests are performed in a shielded room. As is common with most immunity measurements, the intent of the test is to produce RF field levels which can be disruptive or damaging to the EUT; the shielded room removes the risk of unintended disruption to other sensitive devices or equipment outside of the test region. In the US, as in most other countries, there are limits on the radiation of energy without licenses, at frequencies that could affect licensed broadcasts.

ISO 11452-4:2020 Road vehicles Component test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy Part 4: Harness excitation methods The bulk current injection (BCI) test method is based on current injection into the wiring harness using a current probe as a transformer where the harness forms the secondary winding. The tubular wave coupler (TWC) test method is based on a wave coupling into the wiring harness using the directional coupler principle. The TWC test method was developed for immunity testing of automotive components with respect to radiated disturbances in the GHz ranges (GSM bands, UMTS, ISM 2,4 GHz). It is best suited to small (with respect to wavelength) and shielded device under test (DUT), since in these cases the dominating coupling mechanism is via the harness. Purchase the ISO 11452-4:2020 standard here. Also, read more about the whole ISO 11452 standard on our site. Status Published Publication Date 2020-04 Stage International Standard published Edition 5

Within customer premises, the importance of the cabling infrastructure is similar to that of other fundamental building utilities such as heating, lighting and mains power. As with other utilities, interruptions to service can have a serious impact. Poor quality of service due to lack of design foresight, use of inappropriate components, incorrect installation, poor administration or inadequate support can threaten an organization's effectiveness. Historically, the cabling within premises comprised both application specific and multipurpose networks. The original edition of this standard enabled a controlled migration to generic cabling and the reduction in the use of application-specific cabling. The subsequent growth of generic cabling designed in accordance with ISO/IEC 11801 has: a) contributed to the economy and growth of Information and Communications Technology (ICT), b) supported the development of high data rate applications based upon a defined cabling model, and c) initiated development of cabling with a performance surpassing the performance classes specified in ISO/IEC 11801:1995 and ISO/IEC 11801 Ed1.2:2000. NOTE ISO/IEC 11801, edition 1.2 consists of edition 1.0 (1995) and its amendments 1 (1999) and 2 (1999). This second edition of ISO/IEC 11801 has been developed to reflect these increased demands and opportunities. This International Standard provides: a) users with an application independent generic cabling system capable of supporting a wide range of applications; b) users with a flexible cabling scheme such that modifications are both easy and economical; c) building professionals (for example, architects) with guidance allowing the accommodation of cabling before specific requirements are known; that is, in the initial planning either for construction or refurbishment; d) industry and applications standardization bodies with a cabling system which supports current products and provides a basis for future product

ISO 13766-1:2018 provides test methods and acceptance criteria for the evaluation of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of earth-moving machinery, and the following building construction machinery as defined in ISO/TR 12693:210: -drilling and foundation equipment; - equipment used for the preparation, conveyance and compaction of concrete, mortar, and processing reinforcement;  -road construction and maintenance machinery and equipment. ISO 13766-1:2018 deals with general EMC requirements under typical electromagnetic environmental conditions and functional safety. Electrical/electronic subassemblies (ESA) and separate ESA intended to be fitted to the machinery are also dealt with. The following electromagnetic disturbance phenomena are evaluated. broadband and narrowband electromagnetic interference electromagnetic field immunity electrostatic discharge conducted transients The machinery can have AC, DC, or a combination of both as the internal electrical power supply system. ISO 13766-1:2018 is not applicable to machines that are designed to be supplied by the external mains network or to phenomena caused by military applications.

Buy this Standard The number and the types of electromagnetic (EM) emitters to which patients with active implantable cardiovascular devices are exposed in their day-to-day activities have proliferated over the past two decades. This trend is expected to continue. The interaction between these emitters and active implantable cardiovascular devices (pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators, or ICDs) is an ongoing concern of patients, industry and regulators, given the potential life-sustaining nature of these devices. The risks associated with such interactions include device inhibition or delivery of inappropriate therapy that, in the worst case, could result in serious injury or patient death. In recent years, other active implantable cardiovascular devices have emerged, most notably devices that perform the function of improving cardiac output by optimizing ventricular synchrony, in addition to performing pacemaker or ICD function. Although these devices can deliver an additional therapy with respect to pacemakers and ICD devices, most of their requirements concerning EM compatibility are similar so that, in most cases, the concepts that apply to pacemakers also apply to CRT-P devices, and the appropriate way to test a CRT-P device is similar to the way pacemakers are tested. Similarly, the concepts that apply to ICD devices mostly apply to CRT-D devices as well, so the appropriate way to test a CRT-D device is similar to the way ICD devices are tested. Standard test methodologies allow manufacturers to evaluate the EM compatibility performance of a product and demonstrate that the product achieves an appropriate level of EM compatibility in uncontrolled EM environments that patients may encounter. It is important that manufacturers of transmitters and any other equipment that produces EM fields (intentional or unintentional) understand that such equipment may interfere with the proper operation of active implantable cardiovascular

ISO 14982 specifies test methods and acceptance criteria for evaluating the electromagnetic compatibility of tractors and other mobile agricultural machinery, forest machinery, landscaping, and gardening machinery as supplied by the machine manufacturer. It applies to machines and electrical/electronic sub-assemblies (ESA's) which are manufactured after the date of publication of this International Standard. Electrical components or subassemblies intended for fitting in machines are also within the scope of this standard, except regarding immunity for those parts whose functions are not involved in the direct control and modification of the state of the functions of the machine. For the purposes of ISO 14982, the following definitions apply (selected definitions follow) Electromagnetic compatibility is defined as the ability of a machine or components or a separate technical unit to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment.   Electromagnetic disturbance: any electromagnetic phenomenon which may degrade the performance of a machine or component or separate technical unity. Electromagnetic immunity: the ability of a machine or component or separate technical unit to perform in the presence of specified electromagnetic disturbances without degradation of performance. Electromagnetic environment: the totality of electromagnetic phenomena existing at a given location. The requirements of ISO 14982 shall be met by a machine operating in accordance with its final purpose. According to the choice of the machine manufacturer, the following alternatives are possible to demonstrate conformity with this International Standard.   The requirements of this International Standard are deemed to be fulfilled for a complete machine when the requirements identified in clauses 5 and 6, as applicable, are fulfilled. If the machine

ISO 16750 applies to electric and electronic systems and components for vehicles. ISO 16750-2 more specifically refers to road vehicles and their environmental conditions and electrical equipment testing.  ISO 16750 ISO 16750 focuses on the potential environmental consequences and highligh ts tests and requirements that are recommended for the specific mounting location on the vehicle. Several environmental factors were considered in the creation of the ISO 16750 series including world geography and climate, type of vehicle, vehicle use conditions and operating modes, equipment life cycle, vehicle supply voltage, and mounting location. Types of Testing for ISO 16750 Complience  Testing generator regulator failure Simulating jump start  Superimposing voltage Superimposing sinusoidal voltage Evaluating the effect of momentary drop in supply voltage Completeing frequency sweeping Verifing the DUT reset behaviour at different voltage drops Checking the resistance of the DUT Running other supply voltage tests ISO 16750-2 ISO 16750-2 is a subsection of the ISO 16750 standard in the general category of road vehicles for environmental conditions, electrical equipment testing, and electronic equipment testing. ISO 16750-2 describes the potential environmental stresses and specifies tests and requirements recommended for the specific mounting location on/in the road vehicle. Independent of the mounting location, electrical loads vary based on a vehicle wiring harness and connection system's electrical resistance. Direct current supply voltage Direct current supply voltage is something to consider when authenticating equipment functionality at the minimum and maximum supply voltage: Table 1 - Supply voltage for system devices with 12 V nominal voltage   Code Minimum supply voltage

Monitoring particle contamination levels is required in various fields, e.g. in the electronic industry, in the pharmaceutical industry, in the manufacturing of precision machines and in medical operations. Particle counters are useful instruments for monitoring particle contamination in air. The purpose of this part of ISO 21501 is to provide a calibration procedure and verification method for particle counters, so as to minimize the inaccuracy in the measurement result by a counter, as well as the differences in the results measured by different instruments. ISO 21501-4 describes a calibration and verification method for a light scattering airborne particle counter (LSAPC), which is used to measure the size and particle number concentration of particles suspended in air. The light scattering method described in ISO 21501-4 is based on single particle measurements. The typical size range of particles measured by this method is between 0.1 µm and 10 µm in particle size. Instruments that conform to ISO 21501-4 are used for the classification of air cleanliness in cleanrooms and associated controlled environments in accordance with ISO 14644-1, as well as the measurement of number and size distribution of particles in various environments. ISO 21501-4:2007 is the current version of this standard. The following is the scope defined within this standard: - size calibration - verification of size setting - counting efficiency - size resolution - false count rate - maximum particle number concentration - sampling flow rate - sampling time - sampling volume - calibration interval - test report Retrieved from the ISO website and "Understanding ISO 21501-4" on 02/04/2014