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Standard Overview Products Used in Testing Related Compliance Standards

Standard Overview
CISPR 25 controls the radio environment within the vehicle and was developed in response to the variety of radio receivers that can be installed and/or used in modern motor vehicles. The standard subcommittee holds the view that interference to on-board radio reception caused by equipment on the same vehicle is a quality, or customer satisfaction issue, rather than a matter for government regulation.

CISPR 25 defines test methods for use by vehicle manufacturers and suppliers, to assist in the design of vehicles and components and ensure controlled levels of on-board radio frequency emissions.

Vehicle test limits are provided for guidance and are based on a typical radio receiver using the antenna provided as part of the vehicle, or a test antenna if a unique antenna is not specified. The frequency bands that are defined do not apply to all regions or countries of the world. For economic reasons, the vehicle manufacturer must be free to identify what frequency bands are applicable in the countries in which a vehicle will be marketed and which radio services are likely to be used in that vehicle.

CISPR 25 standard accomplishes the following:
  • Establishes a test method for measuring the electromagnetic emissions from the electrical system of a vehicle;
  • Sets limits for the electromagnetic emissions from the electrical system of a vehicle;
  • Establishes a test method for testing on-board components and modules independent from the vehicle;
  • Sets limits for electromagnetic emissions from components to prevent objectionable disturbance to on-board receivers
CISPR 25 contains limits and procedures for the measurement of radio disturbances in the frequency range of 150 kHz to 2500 MHz. The standard applies to any electronic/electrical component intended for use in vehicles, trailers, and devices. Refer to International Telecommunications Union (ITU) publications for details of frequency allocations. The limits are intended to provide protection for receivers installed in a vehicle from disturbances produced by components/modules in the same vehicle. The method and limits for a complete vehicle (whether connected to the power mains for charging purposes or not) are in Clause 5 and the methods and limits for components/modules are in Clause 6.

Only a complete vehicle test can be used to determine the component compatibility with respect to a vehicle's limit. The receiver types to be protected are, for example, broadcast receivers (sound and television), land mobile radio, radiotelephone, amateur, citizens' radio, Satellite Navigation (GPS, etc.), Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. For the purpose of this standard, a vehicle is a machine, which is self-propelled by an internal combustion engine, electric means, or both. Vehicles include (but are not limited to) passenger cars, trucks, agricultural tractors, and snowmobiles. Annex A provides guidance in determining whether this standard is applicable to particular equipment. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2008.

This edition of the CISPR 25 constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: - inclusion of charging mode for electric vehicles (EV) and plug-in electric vehicles (PHEV), - the methods for chamber validation have been included, - test methods for shielded power supply systems for high voltages for electric and hybrid electric vehicles have been included, - overall improvement. 

Related IEC CISPR Standards

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CISPR 11: Industrial, scientific and medical equipment
CISPR 11: Industrial, scientific and medical equipment - Radio-frequency disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement. CISPR 11 applies to industrial, scientific and medical electrical equipment operating in the frequency range 0 Hz to 400 GHz and to domestic and similar appliances designed to generate and/or use locally radio-frequency energy. This standard covers emission requirements related to radio-frequency (RF) disturbances in the frequency range of 9 kHz to 400 GHz. Measurements need only be performed in frequency ranges where limits are specified in Clause 6. For ISM RF applications in the meaning of the definition found in the ITU Radio Regulations (see Definition 3.13), this standard covers emission requirements related to radio-frequency disturbances in the frequency range of 9 kHz to 18 GHz. Requirements for ISM RF lighting equipment and UV irradiators operating at frequencies within the ISM frequency bands defined by the ITU Radio Regulations are contained in this standard. Equipment covered by other CISPR product and product family emission standards are excluded from the scope of this standard. This sixth edition cancels and replaces the fifth edition published in 2009 and its Amendment 1 published in 2010. It constitutes a technical revision. It introduces and permits type testing on components of power electronic equipment, systems and installations. Its emission limits apply now to low voltage (LV) a.c. and d.c. power ports, irrespective of the direction of power transmission. Several limits were adapted to the practical test conditions found at test sites. They are also applicable now to power electronic ISM RF equipment used for wireless power transfer (WPT), for instant power supply and charging purposes. The limits in the range 1 GHz to 18 GHz apply now to CW-type disturbances and to fluctuating disturbances in a similar, uniform and technology-neutral way. For these measurements, two alternative methods of measurement
CISPR 12: Vehicles, boats, and internal combustion engine driven devices
CISPR 12 is equivalent to the SAE J 551-2 standard for the following: vehicles, boats, and internal combustion engine-driven devices - radio disturbance characteristics - limits and methods of measurement. Test setup according to CISPR12 typically is as follows: a monopole is used for the range 150 KHz to 30 MHz only vertical polarization measurements are made for 30 MHz to 200 MHz, a biconical antenna is used the log-periodic is used for the range 200 MHz-1000 MHz a biconical antenna is used, the log-periodic is used for the range 200 MHz-10000 MHz tuned dipoles can be used for the entire range. For 10 m testing, the antenna is 10 meters from the outer skin of the vehicle and in line with engine midpoint. Both sides of the vehicle are tested. For 3 m testing antenna is placed at 1.8 m both polarizations are measured. According to CISPR 12, the chamber must be correlated to OATS. An NSA measurement showing a small deviation should demonstrate that development. This standard applies to the emission of electromagnetic energy which may cause interference to radio reception and which is emitted from a) vehicles propelled by an internal combustion engine, electrical means or both (see 3.1); b) boats propelled by an internal combustion engine, electrical means or both (see 3.2). Boats are to be tested in the same manner as vehicles except where they have unique characteristics as explicitly stated in this standard c) devices equipped with internal combustion engines (see 3.3). See Annex G for a flow chart to help determine the applicability of CISPR 12. This standard does not apply to aircraft, traction systems (railway, tramway, and electric trolley bus), or incomplete vehicles. In the case of a dual-mode trolley bus (e.g. propelled by power from either a.c./d.c. mains or an internal combustion engine), the internal combustion propulsion system must be included, but the AC/DC mains portion of the vehicle propulsion system is
CISPR 14-1: Electromagnetic compatibility - Household Appliances
CISPR 14-1 specifies the requirements that apply to the emission of radio-frequency disturbances in the frequency range 9 kHz to 400 GHz from appliances, electric tools, and similar apparatus, whether powered by AC or DC (including a battery). Also included in the scope of CISPR 14-1 are separate parts of the above-mentioned equipment such as motors and switching devices (e.g. power or protective relays); however, no emission requirements apply to such separate parts, unless otherwise stated in this standard. The limits in this standard have been determined on a probabilistic basis, to keep the suppression of disturbances economically feasible while still achieving adequate radio protection. In exceptional cases, radio frequency interference may occur, despite compliance with the limits. In such a case, additional provisions may be required. The effects of electromagnetic phenomena relating to the safety of the apparatus are excluded from the scope of this standard. Advanced Test Equipment Rentals provides a variety of equipment for performing electromagnetic compatibility tests. Check out related equipment here.
CISPR 14-2: Electromagnetic compatibility - Part 2: Immunity
CISPR 14-2 deals with the electromagnetic immunity of appliances and similar apparatus for household and similar purposes that use electricity, as well as electric toys and electric tools, the rated voltage of the apparatus being not more than 250 V for single-phase apparatus to be connected to phase and neutral, and 480 V for other apparatus. Apparatus may incorporate motors, heating elements or their combination may contain electric or electronic circuitry, and may be powered by the mains, by transformer, by batteries, or by any other electrical power source. Apparatus not intended for household use, but which nevertheless may require the immunity level, such as apparatus intended to be used by laymen in shops, in light industry, and on farms, are within the scope of this standard, as far as they are included in CISPR 14-1. In addition, the following are also included in the scope of this standard: Microwave ovens for domestic use and catering Cooking hobs and cooking ovens, heated by means of RF energy Single- and multiple-zone induction cooking appliances Appliances for personal care equipped with radiators in the range from UV to IR, inclusive (this includes visible light) Power supplies and battery chargers provided with or intended for apparatus within the scope of this standard For ESD tests on contacts of plugs and sockets the note ("The 4 kV contact discharge shall be applied to conductive accessible parts. Metallic contacts, such as in battery compartments or in socket outlets, are excluded from this requirement") saying that no test on contacts is necessary has been removed. The IEC 61000-4-2 includes a detailed description of how to deal with ESD on contacts and other surfaces. Also, discharge on HCP and VCP is required by the basic standard IEC 61000-4-2. Advanced Test Equipment Rentals provides a variety of equipment for performing electromagnetic compatibility tests. Check out related equipment here.